NCLT
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is the specialised Indian tribunal that adjudicates company law matters and corporate insolvency proceedings under the Companies Act, 2013 and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
In plain English
NCLT handles insolvency resolution and liquidation under the IBC, schemes of merger, amalgamation and demerger, oppression and mismanagement petitions, and a range of Companies Act applications. Appeals lie to the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), and from there to the Supreme Court on questions of law.
Why it matters
For any Indian company facing insolvency, restructuring or a shareholder dispute, NCLT is the forum. Its timelines under the IBC are statutory and tight, which makes early awareness of filings against a counterparty commercially significant.
Example
An operational creditor with an undisputed unpaid debt above the statutory threshold may file an application under Section 9 of the IBC before NCLT to initiate corporate insolvency resolution against the debtor company.
Under Indian law
NCLT was constituted under Section 408 of the Companies Act, 2013 and became operational in 2016, taking over jurisdiction previously exercised by the Company Law Board, the BIFR and High Courts in company matters.
How LexVio handles it
NCLT is one of the six courts and tribunals LexVio indexes, alongside the Supreme Court, High Courts, ITAT, CCI and CESTAT.
LexVio — Indian Court ResearchCommon questions
What matters does NCLT handle?
Corporate insolvency and liquidation under the IBC, mergers and amalgamations, oppression and mismanagement petitions, and various applications under the Companies Act, 2013.
Where do NCLT appeals go?
To the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), and from NCLAT to the Supreme Court on questions of law.